Artificial insemination (AI) is an assisted reproductive technique that involves the introduction of sperm, previously prepared in a laboratory, directly into the woman’s uterus. Unlike in vitro fertilization (IVF), fertilization occurs inside the woman’s body. It is a less invasive procedure than IVF and is often the first choice for many couples facing difficulty conceiving.

How does artificial insemination work?

The AI process generally involves the following steps:

1. Ovarian stimulation: medications are administered to the woman to stimulate the production of multiple mature eggs, increasing the chances of fertilization.
2. Cycle monitoring: transvaginal ultrasounds and blood tests are performed to monitor follicle development and determine the optimal time for insemination.
3. Sperm preparation: the semen is processed in a laboratory to concentrate the most motile and healthy sperm, eliminating seminal fluid and other impurities.
4. Insemination: at the time of ovulation, the prepared sperm is introduced into the uterus through a thin catheter passed through the cervix. The procedure is quick and painless, similar to a Pap smear.
5. Pregnancy test: approximately two weeks after insemination, a pregnancy test is performed to determine if the procedure has been successful.

Advantages of artificial insemination:

• Less invasive than IVF: it is a simpler, less expensive procedure with fewer side effects than IVF.
• Increases the chances of pregnancy: AI facilitates the arrival of sperm to the egg, overcoming barriers such as hostile cervical mucus or ejaculation problems.
• Option for same-sex couples or single women: allows single women and lesbian couples to conceive using donor sperm.
• Preserves the natural experience of conception: unlike IVF, fertilization occurs inside the woman’s body.

Disadvantages of artificial insemination:

• Not effective in all cases: AI is not recommended for women with blocked fallopian tubes or severe male fertility problems.
• Possibility of multiple pregnancy: ovarian stimulation may increase the risk of multiple pregnancies, leading to greater risks for the mother and babies.
• Cost: Although less expensive than IVF, AI can still represent a significant financial investment.
• Emotional stress: the AI process can be emotionally challenging for some couples, especially if more than one cycle is required.

When is the best time to go for artificial insemination?

It is recommended to consider AI after trying to conceive naturally for a year without success, especially if the woman is over 35 years old. It is also a good option in the following cases:

• Unexplained infertility: when no specific cause for infertility is found.
• Mild male fertility problems: such as low sperm concentration or motility.
• Hostile cervical mucus: when the cervical mucus impedes the passage of sperm.
• Ejaculation problems: such as retrograde ejaculation.
• Mild endometriosis: in some cases of mild endometriosis, AI may be a viable option.

If you are considering artificial insemination, it is important to consult with a fertility specialist to evaluate your individual situation and determine if it is the best option for you. The doctor will explain the procedure in detail, the potential risks and the likelihood of success. AI can be a valuable tool to help couples achieve their dream of having a child.